目录

一、系统环境

二、预安装软件

三、安装Oracle

四、登录数据库

---

Ubuntu 22.04上安装Oracle 11g Express Edition的过程。

一、系统环境

操作系统：Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS

数据库版本：Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

二、预安装软件

1.先通过unzip命令解压

如果没有命令，请通过apt install unzip安装

unzip oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip

2.安装预先安装的包和依赖程序

sudo apt-get install alien libaio1 unixodbc

3.将RPM安装包转换成DEB格式

这里正常的rpm文件路径在DISK下面

cd ./oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm/Disk1/

sudo alien --scripts -d oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm

4.创建管理服务chkconfig的脚本

sudo vim /sbin/chkconfig

添加下面的内容并保存

 
#!/bin/bash
# Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Ubuntu
file=/etc/init.d/oracle-xe
if [[ ! `tail -n1 $file | grep INIT` ]]; then
echo >> $file
echo '### BEGIN INIT INFO' >> $file
echo '# Provides: OracleXE' >> $file
echo '# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo '# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog' >> $file
echo '# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5' >> $file
echo '# Default-Stop: 0 1 6' >> $file
echo '# Short-Description: Oracle 11g Express Edition' >> $file
echo '### END INIT INFO' >> $file
fi
update-rc.d oracle-xe defaults 80 01

4.修改chkconfig文件权限

sudo chmod 755 /sbin/chkconfig  

5.设置内核kernel参数

(这是oracle 11g R2 XE安装要求)

sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf

添加下面的内容并保存

# Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters  
fs.file-max=6815744  
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65000  
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128 
kernel.shmmax=536870912 

使用下面命令通过加载内核餐宿

sudo service procps start

检查新的参数是否加载成功

sudo sysctl -q fs.file-max

6.设置/dev/shm挂载点

sudo vim /etc/rc2.d/S01shm_load

添加下面的内容并保存

#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
start) mkdir /var/lock/subsys 2>/dev/null
       touch /var/lock/subsys/listener
       rm /dev/shm 2>/dev/null
       mkdir /dev/shm 2>/dev/null
       mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2048m /dev/shm ;;
*) echo error
   exit 1 ;;
esac 

添加文件权限

sudo chmod 755 /etc/rc2.d/S01shm_load

9.重启服务器

reboot

三、安装Oracle

1.使用下面命令安装oracle

sudo dpkg --install oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb

2.使用下面命令开始配置oracle

sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure

 中途会询问你下面的问题

Specify the HTTP port that will be used for Oracle Application Express [8080]:

# 定义HTTP网站管理的端口，默认直接回车

Specify a port that will be used for the database listener [1521]:

# 定义数据库监听的端口，默认直接回车

Specify a password to be used for database accounts.  Note that the same
password will be used for SYS and SYSTEM.  Oracle recommends the use of 
different passwords for each database account.  This can be done after 
initial configuration:
Confirm the password:

# 要求你设置系统账号SYS的SYSTEM的密码

Do you want Oracle Database 11g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n) [y]:y

# 询问是否设置数据库开机启动启动，默认是开机启动，直接回车

正常安装成功的过程日志

root@oracle_01:/# sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure

Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Configuration
-------------------------------------------------
This will configure on-boot properties of Oracle Database 11g Express 
Edition.  The following questions will determine whether the database should 
be starting upon system boot, the ports it will use, and the passwords that 
will be used for database accounts.  Press <Enter> to accept the defaults. 
Ctrl-C will abort.

Specify the HTTP port that will be used for Oracle Application Express [8080]:

Specify a port that will be used for the database listener [1521]:

Specify a password to be used for database accounts.  Note that the same
password will be used for SYS and SYSTEM.  Oracle recommends the use of 
different passwords for each database account.  This can be done after 
initial configuration:
Confirm the password:

Do you want Oracle Database 11g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n) [y]:y

Starting Oracle Net Listener...Done
Configuring database...Done
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance...Done
Installation completed successfully.
root@oracle_01:/

3.设置系统环境变量

sudo vim /etc/profile

在最末尾添加下面的内容并保存

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe
export ORACLE_SID=XE
export NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh`
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
  else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

使用下面命令刷新使其生效

sudo source /etc/profile

4.启动oracle服务

sudo systemctl start oracle-xe

5.查看oracle运行状态

sudo systemctl status oracle-xe

下面是正常运行的结果

root@oracle_01:/# sudo systemctl status oracle-xe
● oracle-xe.service - LSB: Oracle 11g Express Edition
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/oracle-xe; generated)
     Active: active (exited) since Sun 2024-04-28 16:02:02 CST; 27min ago
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Process: 803 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/oracle-xe start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 61ms

Apr 28 16:01:52 oracle_01 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Oracle 11g Express Edition...
Apr 28 16:01:53 oracle_01 oracle-xe[803]: Starting Oracle Net Listener.
Apr 28 16:01:53 oracle_01 su[899]: (to oracle) root on none
Apr 28 16:01:53 oracle_01 su[899]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle(uid=1002) by (uid=0)
Apr 28 16:01:55 oracle_01 oracle-xe[803]: Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance.
Apr 28 16:01:55 oracle_01 su[940]: (to oracle) root on none
Apr 28 16:01:55 oracle_01 su[940]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle(uid=1002) by (uid=0)
Apr 28 16:02:02 oracle_01 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Oracle 11g Express Edition.
root@oracle_01:/# 

四、登录数据库

1.使用下面命令用system账号登录

sqlplus system/123456Ab as sysdba;

2.登录后执行SQL语句查询数据库版本

select * from v$version;

下面是完整登录操作记录

root@oracle_01:/# sqlplus sys/123456Ab as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Apr 28 15:59:18 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
CORE	11.2.0.2.0	Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production